This paper studies the impact of the early adoption of one of the most important high-technology machines in history, the public mechanical clock, on long-run growth in Europe. We avoid endo-geneity by considering the relationship between the adoption of clocks with an instrument based on the...

Three factors played an important role in the IT innovation alignment for the VBVS: economy, policy and technology. IT management played a crucial role in the alignment process of these factors. However, IT management still has an internal focus when it comes to IT innovations. At best,...