The main goal of this study is two-fold: (1) to provide a general overview of thecontributions to the literature on the informal sector, with a special focus on the PublicChoice approach; and (2) to compare these contributions across two institutionallydifferent types of countries: developed and...

This study estimates the size of the informal economy, and the relative contribution of each underlying factor, for the Caucasus and Central Asia countries in 2008. Using a Multiple Indicator-Multiple Cause model, we find that a burdensome tax system, rigid labor market, low institutional...

There have been repeated claims that informal institutions play an important or even crucial role in economic development. Yet, measuring informal institutions entails serious challenges. This paper identifies the difficulties in measuring informal institutions, critically discusses some...

In the least developed countries, the informal sector faces great challenges in accessing healthcare services since most people are not mainstreamed. This has prompted the formation of groups as a way of empowerment. The objective of this study was to examine the factors contributing to health...

This paper addresses the issue of the gender pay gap in the formal and informal labour markets in Poland. The authors verify the hypothesis of the existence of a gender pay gap in informal work and compare this gap with the one observed in the formal (registered) labour market. Various analyses...

Die WES-Sonderfragen für das vierte Quartal 2019 befassen sich mit dem Ausmaß und den Wirkungen der Schattenwirtschaft. Die Teilnehmer wurden gebeten, Fragen zum Ausmaß der Schattenwirtschaft in den einzelnen Ländern, zu den Gründen für Schattenwirtschaft und zu den Sektoren, die...

We build an equilibrium model of a small open economy with labor market frictions and imperfectly enforced regulations. Heterogeneous firms sort into the formal or informal sector. We estimate the model using data from Brazil, and use counterfactual simulations to understand how trade affects...

Informality has long been a salient phenomenon in developing country labor markets, thus has been addressed in several theoretical and empirical research. Turkey, given its economic and demographic dynamics, provides rich evidence for a growing, heterogeneous and multifaceted informal labor...

This paper examines the earnings penalties and premiums associated with different types of employment in 73 countries. Workers are divided into four categories: non-professional own-account workers, employers and own-account professionals, informal wage employees, and formal wage employees....