More than 200 new infrastructure regulators have been created around the world in the last 15 years. They were established to encourage clear and sustainable long-term economic and legal commitments by governments and investors to encourage new investment to benefit existing and new customers....

This paper discusses the role of affordability in the development of economic regulation from the emergence of railway regulation in the 1840-60 period. It also covers the regulatory responses to the development of network telecoms, electricity and the water and sewerage industries, primarily in...

This paper discusses the role of system operators (SOs) in four infrastructure industries: electricity, natural gas, railways and water supply. It describes the types of system operator and their role as co-ordinating entities. The paper relates the role of SOs to the problems of economic...

More than 200 new infrastructure regulators have been created around the world in the last 15 years. They were established to encourage clear and sustainable long-term economic and legal commitments by governments and investors to encourage new investment to benefit existing and new customers....