, competition between ports has started to grow. As a result, governments are reorganizing the way ports are run, and permitting … liabilities are transferred to the private sector; build, operate and own, i.e., parts of the port are sold to be developed; build … or rehabilitate, on a concession basis; joint ventures; leasing, i.e., no investments, only commercial risks; licensing …

The paper examines the investment of private container operators in port infrastructure, and then provides a … space provided by port operators differed depending on whether a container terminal was run by a national terminal or by a … delay costs to the shippers, private container terminals offered larger terminal space to the port users …

welfare only and decide on the capacity of the port and of the hinterland network. We obtain the following results. First …, profit-maximizing ports internalize hinterland congestion in as far as it affects their customers. Second, investment in port … capacity reduces prices and congestion at both ports, but increases hinterland congestion in the region where the port …