This study assesses the adequacy of school infrastructure in the Philippine basic education sector and conducts … hygiene (WASH) facilities, the gaps are huge and become more visible when benchmarked against other countries. The Philippines … Philippines still struggles to complete the electrification of schools. …

affects human capital, and infrastructure expenditures that affect productivity. The paper finds that social expenditures lead …

This review examines the literature on the welfare impacts of infrastructure disruptions. There is widespread evidence … that households suffer from the consequences of a lack of infrastructure reliability, and that being connected to the grid … is not sufficient to close the infrastructure gap. Disruptions and irregular service have adverse effects on household …