Using Vector Autoregression Model (“VAR”), I find significant, causal relationships between the financial health of the rail industry and its investment behavior. While my analysis by no means addresses the full complexity of the issue, I hope this evidence serves as a valuable contribution...

This paper looks at changes in capital spending beginning in 2015 relative to a counterfactual rooted in the investment analysis conducted by the FCC in the 2018 Restoring Internet Freedom Order. The analysis shows that while the decline in capital spending in 2015 and 2016 stopped in 2017,...

Fees levied by local franchise authorities on cable television operators are limited to a statutory five-percent cap, though franchise authorities often skirt that maximum levy by demanding additional monetary and in-kind concessions from cable operators. The Federal Communications Commission...

Using a time series of fifty years, the relationships between investment by telecommunications firms and Gross Domestic Product in the United States are examined. Granger-Sims causality tests are conducted, with proper allowance for both the non-stationarity of the data and lag length. These...