specific therapy. This particular field brings along the gene related patent applications. In recent years, ethical sides …, policy considerations on patent applications in gene sequences, and gene related diagnostic and treatment methods led to many … debates among biotech/pharma companies, patent stakeholders, researchers, clinicians, and patients. Although the patent system …

This chapter summarizes the basic characteristics of patent data as an innovation indicator and reviews some of the … recent research using patent data, focusing on major developments since Griliches in 1990 [Griliches, Z. (1990). “Patent … availability of patent data on an increasingly global scale and the accompanying global spread of research using patent data. The …

intellectual property right design. We derive conclusions in the simplest, one-time innovation, case then investigate how these … optimal procurement of innovation are considered. Finally, we sketch enforcement and competition policy issues. …