The European Union is aiming to foster digital transformation in all sectors by 2030. It has pioneered cross-sectoral legislation on artificial intelligence, cloud computing services and crypto-assets for this purpose. Yet compared with the work done on ESG, the prospective banking regulation...

We summarize the major findings of empirical studies that examine the effect of banking development on innovation and highlight their relative contributions to our understanding of the various roles the banking sector plays in determining innovation. We reassess the effect of banking development...