Objective - This research aims to test the effect of productivity and innovation toward competitiveness of batik SMEs in West Java.Methodology/Technique - The study uses Partial Least Square (PLS) for data analysis, as well as an explanatory method and simple random sampling.Findings - The...

The benefits of research and development (R&D) investment extend beyond the undertaking firms and may impact the wider economy through spillovers. This study examines the effect of Multinational Companies (MNCs)' R&D intra-industrial spillovers on total factor productivity (TFP) using firm-level...