Networks constrain the evolution of their parts. In living cells, any mutation in the metabolic network responsible for … be present at the same time to shift a network to a higher fitness state, yet any of them occurring individually can … deteriorate the fitness of the overall network, then this improved state will largely remain inaccessible. In this paper, we …

. Compared to the U-form, the M-form organization achieves better coordination in quot;attribute matchingquot; but suffers from … coordination in quot;attribute compatibilityquot; and less gains in specialization. The distinctive advantage of the M-form is its …