About 70 years ago early microbial genetic research revealed that inherited phenotypic traits become determined by DNA filaments composed of 4 different nucleotides that are linearly arranged. In the meantime we know that genes, the determinants of specific life functions, are genomic segments...

Much of the empirical literature analysing the relation between environmental innovation and competitiveness has focused on the question whether “it pays to be green”. We differentiate between different types of environmental innovations, which will be disentangled in those aiming at...

This paper explores the trade-off between economic growth and environmental quality along two paradigms of endogenous growth theory: variety expansion (HIP) and quality improvements (VIP). We compare the policies that match the decentralised economies' paths with the optimal "strong sustainable"...