Previous literature finds that larger downstream markets fuel the innovation of new technologies by incentivizing firms to spend more on R&D. Our evidence shows that larger markets also increase the extent of licensing-based cooperation between upstream innovators and downstream commercializers....

This paper explores how the regulatory approval process affects innovation incentives in medical technologies. Prior studies have found early mover regulatory advantages for drugs. I find the opposite for medical devices, where pioneer entrants spend 34 percent (7.2 months) longer than follow-on...

This paper studies the impact of the first joint licensing platform for patented drugs, the Medicines Patent Pool, on global drug diffusion and innovation. The pool allows generic firms worldwide to license drug bundles cheaply and conveniently for sales in a set of developing countries. I...

We present three types of evidence about the effect of cancer drug vintage-year of initial world launch - on cancer survival and mortality. All three are based on group-level data, and employ difference-in-difference research designs, which enable us to control for the influence of potentially...

Most economic analyses of path creation and dependence are stories about how standards create network externalities - and thus potential "lock-in" - in technological systems like personal computers or high-definition television. This paper examines similar questions of path creation and...

The question whether technological progress displaces employment or whether technological advance is beneficial for the level of employment has been in the core of economic dispute for over two centuries. The beneficial might be achieved by several compensation mechanisms within the economic...

Can directed technical change be used to combat climate change? We construct new firm-level panel data on auto industry innovation distinguishing between dirty (internal combustion engine) and clean (e.g. electric and hybrid) patents across 80 countries over several decades. We show that firms...

This paper analyses the relationship between past innovation output, competition, and future innovation input in a dynamic econometric setting. We distinguish two dimensions of competition that correspond to the concepts of product substitutability and entry barriers due to fixed costs. Based on...

This discussion paper reviews the literature on experiences with innovation under the existing emissions trading schemes in the USA. The basic result from this review is that the innovation effects triggered by emissions trading have been limited because a) targets were not constraining in the...

Die Gründung eines innovativen Unternehmens stellt eine Form der kommerziellen Verwer-tung von Wissen dar. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über Ausmaß von Gründungen in wis-sensintensiven bzw. innovativen Branchen und deren Entwicklung. Da die Gründung eines Unternehmens wesentlich durch...