The underlying theoretical assumption of this paper is that if firms can imitate an innovation at a cost that is substantially below the cost of the innovator to carry out the innovation, there may be little or no incentive to carry out the innovation. Cost and time required for imitating new...

Ecological innovations have increasingly been seen as a major response to environmental problems. An important question for both economic research and public policy is whether these innovations also increase employment or not (the question of a double dividend). The purpose of this paper is to...

La présente étude résume les résultats obtenus lors de l'enquête effectuée en été 1988 sur les facteurs déterminant la R&D dans l'industrie suisse. Parmi les 940 entreprises sélectionnées, 358 ou environ 38 % d'entre elles ont répondu au questionnaire. Elles se répartissent en 127...

Das vorliegende Arbeitspapier fasst die Ergebnisse einer im Sommer 1988 durchgeführten schriftlichen Expertenbefragung zu den Bestimmungsfaktoren von Forschung und Entwicklung in der Schweizer Industrie zusammen. Von den 940 befragten Unternehmungen haben 358 oder ca. 40% geantwortet; sie waren...

The surge in interfirm cooperative agreements can be seen as expressing a way for firms to respond to and to organize market failure, especially in technology markets. The incentives of firms to internalize activities are to avoid the disadvantages, or capitalize on the advantages, of...