so by focusing on the use of lobbying for protection by import competing firms as a means to postpone costly product …, it will be optimal to adjust quality and to decrease the lobbying effort at some time, leading to liberalization and … technological catch-up. But then the equilibrium tariff will again be small and "cheap", and it will pay to start lobbying anew …

I study the relationship between competition and innovation, focusing on the distinction between product and process … competition and innovation, which focused on process innovations. New products allow firms to differentiate themselves from one … another. I demonstrate that the competition level that creates the most innovation incentive is higher for process innovation …