We identify strong cross-border institutions as a driver for the globalization of in-novation. Using 67 million patents from over 100 patent offices, we introduce novel measures of innovation diffusion and collaboration. Exploiting staggered bilateral in-vestment treaties as shocks to...

This paper compares and contrasts how innovation – the successful introduction of new products, services, or techniques – is occurring in biotechnology seeds in China and India. We begin with an overview of the agricultural challenges faced by China and India and the substantial investments...

Because TRIPS introduced a high(er) level of intellectual property protection in a number of developing countries, it provides an opportunity to examine the impact of the introduction of (property) rights on a variety of intangibles in legal systems from which those rights were absent. One...

This chapter seeks to illustrate certain trends in international intellectual property by highlighting and considering some of the more popular, important and potentially far-reaching TRIPS-Plus provisions that have recently been negotiated in bilateral and regional trade agreements. Our...

Viewed through the prism of its historical evolution, the European Parliament has seen an original evolutionary process during which underwent a series of successive modifications of its competences and composition, at the same time with increasing of democratic legitimacy. Legitimated by direct...

European energy consumers who previously had a rather passive, consuming role, and were confronted with top-down determined energy supply options, services, as well as prices, are now assuming a more proactive role, in some cases becoming prosumers of energy. Originally the focus of both...

Dual-use export control is a field of law that regulates the export of items that serve both civilian and military purposes. In fact, a variety of materials, products, facilities, technologies and information which are critical for sustaining our civilian lives could also be mobilised for...