The paper looks at the inclusion of international aviation in the EU emissions trading scheme from the perspective of innovation. It argues that the initiative of the European Union to subject international aviation to the scheme has functioned as a catalyst for green innovation in the sector....

Today, evolving technologies have enabled scientific breakthroughs in innovative wind turbine designs, including taller wind turbine towers and longer blades. These breakthroughs will enable utility-scale wind turbines to reach higher into the atmosphere, access stronger winds, and produce...

Railroads, roads, rivers, and airways are the most common modes of transportation for people and commodities. The cost of different ways of transportation varies according to distance, luxury, size, fragility, and other factors. When the following factors are accounted for, the vehicle might...