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fluorinatedgreenhouse gas emissions. Using patents as an indicator of innovations and patent citations as a proxy for knowledge flows the … across patent applicant- and firm-types is analyzed. We find that most environmental patents originate from Germany and the …
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patent quantity is driven by knowledge exchange rather than joint R&D. Firms engaged in joint R&D, on the other hand, receive … more forward citations per patent indicating that joint R&D enhances patent quality. In light of literature on strategic …
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creation alliances lead to more valuable patents as they receive significantly more forward citations per patent. Knowledge … exchange alliances, on the other hand, are associated with patent quantity, but not quality. …
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This paper provides new evidence on the objectives and determinants of different typesof innovations and patents, environmental as opposed to other innovations and patents,and different variants of environmental innovations and patents. We investigate howfirm-specific and sector-specific driving...
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employment effects of environmental and non-environmental product as well as process innovation. As a robustness check patent …
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