By exploring the patterns of laser-diode technological development in the U.S. and Japan and theoretically examining market conditions and institutions that promote entrepreneurial spin-outs from a parental company, this study reveals how the existence and absence of entrepreneurial spin-out...

The increasing demand for water treatment and reverse osmosis -- Technical overview of the RO membrane -- The beginnings of research in the public sector -- Development for commercialization by private companies -- The rise of Japanese companies.

The objective of this article is to explore effective ways of retaining knowledge involved in new product development. Although human-based mechanisms, such as the direct transfer of project members, more effectively convey knowledge required in design integration at the higher level of product...