The fourth issue of the International Productivity Monitor produced by the Centre for the Study of Living Standards … contains five articles. Topics covered are: recent productivity developments in the United States and Canada and implications … for the Canada-U.S. productivity and income gaps; the importance of skills for innovation and productivity; the diffusion …

productivity. This necessited this study on innovation adoption, farm productivity and poverty status of rural smallholder farm … and positive impact on farm productivity. Also, the study revealed improved livelihood or better welfare for innovation … adopters than for non-adopters. Therefore, efforts at increasing farm productivity and reducing poverty among farm households …

, contributes to narrowing this knowledge gap, by analyzing and comparing the productivity and profitability of two bee venom … positive profitability. To evaluate the productivity of the proposed equipment, a comparison was performed, in an apiary …