that both environmental and energy expenditures do not contribute to production growth. In contrast, environmental … investment positively impinges upon production growth as a productivity driver. We thus conclude that environmental regulation …

there is no perfectly clean technology that eventually solves the pollution problem once and for all. New technologies have … stings attached, i.e. each emits a specific stock pollutant. Damages are convex in individual pollution stocks but additive … across stocks, creating gains from diversification. The research and pollution policies are tightly linked in such a setting …

the new technology may turn out to generate a new pollution problem. R&D may therefore be optimally undertaken more than … the optimal pollution and R&D policies. The optimal R&D program is strictly sequential and has an endogenous stopping …

Production often causes pollution as a by-product. Once pollution problems become too severe, regulation is introduced … transition as a change in "general purpose technology" (GPT) and investigate how it interferes with economic growth driven by … and decline of pollution can be explained by policyinduced technology shifts. …

Whether China continues its current energy-intensive growth path or adopts a sustainable development prospect has … contributes to an economic exposition of China's potential transition from an energy-intensive to an innovation-led growth path …. We find that in China's initial growth period the small amount of capital stock creates higher dynamic benefits of …