alternative indicators of the stock of knowledge are specified. One is based on patent applications, the other on numbers of …

We estimate the relative contribution of mobile scientists who leave academia for the private sector on the subsequent … 1999-2004 and measure innovation performance by the (value-adjusted) number of patent applications at the European Patent … Office. We compare the efficacy of mobile former university scientists to the effects of mobile workers hired from other …

tätigen Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler zu untersuchen. Ergebnisse zeigen, dass an deutschen Hochschulen vor allem … vollzeitbeschäftigte Wissenschaftler, die multidisziplinäre oder angewandte Forschung betreiben und daneben noch einer Selbstständigkeit …

Usually patent data does not contain any unique identifiers for the patenting assignees or the inventors, as the main … tasks of patent authorities is the examination of applications and the administration of the patent documents as public … contracts and not the support of the empirical analysis of their data. An inventor in a patent document is identified by his or …