Research papers that studied the Triple Helix in relation to international co-authorship considered international collaboration as the fourth element of the system. This paper suggests considering three levels of study to assess the effect of international collaboration on an innovation system:...

Local innovation refers to the dynamics of IK - the knowledge that grows within a social group, incorporating learning from own experience over generations but also knowledge gained from other sources and fully internalized within local ways of thinking and doing. Local innovation is the process...

The increased complexity in the current business environment connected with the globalisation of economies and rapid technological developments makes firms depend on innovation and, in the process, develop dense networks of relationships, making collaboration an essential requisite for...

This study examines how firms organize their product development collaborations, as well as what the spatial dimension of those collaboration efforts look like.First, an attempt is made to conceptualize innovation, collaboration, and space from a knowledge-based perspective.This theoretical...