Firms can purchase innovation results to improve their technology. In this context, the key to transfer success is reasonably priced innovation results. Considering the match between innovation results and firm technology, this study analyzes the nonlinear improvement effect of innovation...

We identify a positive causal effect of patent pledgeability on corporate patenting. Our tests exploit the staggered city-level policy change, which allows firms to use patents as collateral for financing. We find a significant increase in patents and patent citations for firms headquartered in...