This paper explores a pathway to commercializing user innovations hitherto not studied, namely, the vertical diversification of a user firm into an upstream industry supplying capital goods, and subsequent coexistence of user and manufacturing units. Such coexistence creates synergies regarding...

This study analyzes the effects of regional- and firm-level factors on the intellectual property (IP) output (i.e., patents and trademarks) of high-tech firms. So far, little is known on how regional factors influence the IP output of high-tech firms. We combine data on 8,317 German high-tech...

The identification of ecological innovation and ecologically innovative firms is important for understanding the role of innovation and technology in the transition to a greener economy. Information from patent and trademark data offers an objective, transparent, fast, and cost-effective way to...

Family firm’s long-term orientation and local roots suggest positive effects on regional R&D cooperation and regional innovation output. This paper analyzes the effect of family firm density on regional innovation output. Combining a dataset of 326 German regions with the locations of 526...