forward citations patents can receive at the European Patent Office. While a patent can be cited as non-infringing state of … the art, it can also be cited because it threatens the novelty of patent applications ("blocking citations"). Empirical …. This finding adds to the patent value literature by showing that different types of patent citations carry different …

commercialized as well as whether this commercialization was profitable or not. Thus, this patent database measures technological … innovation. The dataset is complemented with indicators of patent quality (patent renewal, forward citations, and patent family …

This paper examines the effect of mandatory pre-grant patent publications on the innovation of venture capital (VC … relative improvements in innovation outputs for companies whose pre-AIPA patent applications received more "revise and resubmit … thus suggest that pre-grant patent publications generate larger benefits when they can more effectively reduce such …

This paper considers the prospect of a government patent buyout in a model of endogenous growth. To this end, the … shows that in this set-up, patent buyout by the government can lead to higher level of welfare without lowering an economy …

This paper examines patent protection in an endogenous-growth model. Our aim is twofold. First, we show how the patent … policies discussed by the recent patent-design literature can influence R&D in the endogenous-growth framework, where the role … of the patent-design literature. In a general-equilibrium model, both incentives to innovate and monopoly distortions …

policy studies. The indicators are based on patent data because they have a number of attractive properties compared to other …. Techniques have been developed to overcome these limitations, yet it is important to carefully interpret patent-based indicators. …

patent system. Adequate access to medicines, particularly in developing countries, is necessary to promote health and … medicines. This paper presents a theoretical proposal for global drug patent system reform that attempts to find the balance … between these interests in the form of flexible patent terms …