efficiency, labor productivity, and growth. We also include imports into the knowledge production function, because catching up … economies may adopt technologies embodied in imported hardware. Additionally, we link productivity and innovation output to … process innovation in all performance features except for labor productivity. However, higher efficiency does not improve the …

The labour market in Russia is very flexible. Firms adjust to economic shocks through wage cuts, working hour … human capital and productivity improvements. While educational attainment is very high, the education system needs to be … persist. Private spending on innovation is very low and Russia underperforms in terms of scientific outputs and patents …

productivity and competitiveness. Drawing on original survey data from Russian firms of all sizes, the authors formulate proposals …-level determinants of knowledge absorption, competitiveness, and productivity, with an eye to improving workers' skill levels and … building manufacturing competitiveness, especially in Russia and the post-Soviet transition economies. It will also be of …

Since the mid-1990s, Italy's economic growth faltered, primarily due to sluggish productivity growth. This article … growth-enhancing reforms in these areas. The simulations show that structural reforms could boost productivity and GDP growth …