This paper studies the impact of research and development (R&D) and innovation on employment growth, focusing on small and medium-sized firms. Employment effects of R&D and innovation are unclear a priori as process innovation may be labor-saving or labor might have complementarities with other...

Beginning in the late 1970s, China's economy delivered the largest growth spurt in recorded history. Striking discontinuity between recent outcomes and the economic experience of the prior 200 years invites portrayal of recent events as a "China miracle" that requires neither economic nor...

We employ the “social conditions of innovative enterprise” framework to analyze the key determinants of China’s development path from the economic reforms of 1978 to the present. First, we focus on how government investments in human capabilities and physical infrastructure provided...

The bulk of the global innovative effort takes place in 5 countries: USA, Japan and China as leaders, with France and United Kingdom as immediate followers, which all display, on the long run, a negative marginal value added on innovation. The present paper attempts to answer the following...

This paper reviews existing innovation metrics at the company-level and country-level, and proposes a system of signposts of innovation to help executives with a guiding framework and data resources for evaluating and planning innovation strategies and activities. The scope of the review is...

We examine the relationship between the board's IT expertise and firm innovation. Using a novel hand–collected dataset from biographies of directors, we find that the board's IT expertise has a positive influence on firm innovation – measured in terms of R&D expenditures and patents...

Firm life-cycle stage reflects a firm's current strategic direction towards exploration independent of age or size. We provide evidence that young life-cycle firms are particularly vulnerable to negative innovation consequences from financial regulation but do not appear to experience any...

We examine the effect of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act on biotech startups, who conduct almost 40% of IPOs since 2012. Reduced compliance costs encourage innovation capital formation as biotech IPO volume increases 200% and proceeds rise by 30%. After the JOBS Act, biotech...

Successful innovations could induce more disclosure if the information asymmetry between the firm and its investors about post-innovation outcomes leads investors to demand more information. However, such innovations also likely entail greater proprietary cost concerns, which deter disclosure....