reduces carbon emissions by inducing substitution away from coal. Yet, the natural gas boom discourages innovation directed at …

innovation is a crucial productivity driver, a potential crowding out of inventive efforts could increase the cost of mitigating …. However, we do not find negative effects on the number of ongoing R&D projects, investments in innovation-related fixed assets … or on the outcome of innovation projects. Likewise, for firms with subsidy-backed environmental innovations no crowding …

innovation is a crucial productivity driver, a potential crowding out of inventive efforts could increase the cost of mitigating …. However, we do not find negative effects on the number of ongoing R&D projects, investments in innovation-related fixed assets … or on the outcome of innovation projects. Likewise, for firms with subsidy-backed environmental innovations no crowding …

innovation is a crucial productivity driver, a potential crowding out of inventive efforts could increase the cost of mitigating … of the firms R&D and total innovation expenditures net of those costs due to the environmental innovation. The estimated … number of R&D projects and investments in non-innovation-related assets. Likewise, for firms with subsidy …