innovation success in establishments without R&D but not in establishments with R&D. This supports the hypothesis that rivals …

This research sheds light on the role of product scope on the innovation activity of multinational multi-product firms …. We use patent citation data to break down innovation into two types by measuring the degree to which innovation performed … focus on two features in multinational production: (i) fundamental innovation is geographically more difficult to transfer …

capability of a foreign presence. Open innovation can help strengthen foreign-domestic linkages to contribute to growth through …