We investigate the causal effect of patent rights on cumulative innovation, using large-scale data that approximate the … patent universe in its technological and economic variety. We introduce a novel instrumental variable for patent invalidation … that exploits personnel scarcity in post-grant opposition at the European Patent Office. We find that patent invalidation …

patentability standards at PTOs (Patent and Trademark Offices awarding so-called bad patents), not only “false innovators” have the … chance of being granted patents but also, and more interestingly, “true innovators” are forced to patent more intensively … distortions caused by bad patents. Moreover, we show that introducing a two-tiered patent system is unlikely to improve market …

Open innovation is the subject of increased scholarly debate. A lot of attention has thereby been paid to firm …-centered open innovation, characterized by a for-profit motive and the interplay between patents and contracts, resulting in … communities the present paper examines how the law can assist in establishing a new approach to open innovation (‘new' open …

We investigate the causal effect of patent rights on cumulative innovation, using large-scale data that approximate the … patent universe in its technological and economic variety. We introduce a novel instrumental variable for patent invalidation … that exploits personnel scarcity in post-grant opposition at the European Patent Office. We find that patent invalidation …

This article investigates patent protection for a long sequence of innovations where firms repeatedly supersede each … using a patentability requirement--a minimum innovation size required for patents. A patentability requirement can stimulate … to innovation …

. Where licensing fails, follow-on innovation is blocked unless firms gain FTO through patent invalidation. Using large …We study the blocking effect of patents on follow-on innovation by others. We posit that follow-on innovation requires … freedom to operate (FTO), which firms typically obtain through a license from the patentee holding the original innovation …

. While the individual effects of engaging in the listed practices on firm innovation are well-understood, the existing … sample of innovation-active firms from the German Community Innovation Survey, which includes information on the development … of standards, enhanced with information on firms' engagement in patenting and publishing. We find that 26% of innovation …

“Integrated system for innovation management in SMEs”, code PN-II-PT-PCCA-2013-4-1319, under way at the Business Administration … Romanian SMEs in adopting the open innovation principles. In order to reach this objective, the authors analysed the available … statistical data for the period 2002-2012 concerning the trend of the SMEs’ weight in the total innovation businesses compared to …

When commentators discuss innovation’s externalities, they often classify them into one of two categories. On the … positive externalities, or “spillovers” side, legal and economics scholars often speak of the benefits innovation confers on … other innovators. Future innovators profit from past innovation as they “stand on the shoulders of giants” to develop …