WIPO and the international unions it administers are essentially and designedly intergovernmental in character, a defining quality that flows through WIPO's governance structure and processes. Yet non-governmental actors – other IGOs and especially international and national NGOs – have at...

Within the field of environmental economics, the role of technological change has received much attention. The long-term nature of many environmental problems, such as climate change, makes understanding the evolution of technology an important part of projecting future impacts. Moreover, in...

This paper investigates the role of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection and Environmental Policies (EPs) on clean (renewable) and dirty (fossil-based) technology diffusion from top-innovators. IPR protection and EPs are extensively debated policy tools, as IPR protection addresses...