This paper introduces a model of localised competition and technological adoption that produces interesting geographical adoption patterns: Persistent asymmetry, where nobody adopts, Leapfrogging where only followers adopt, Forging ahead where only leaders adopt and Catching up where everybody...

The mobile provision of social networking services including integrated voice, pictures and music over IP lead to the success of companies such as Snapchat, Skype WhatsApp, Twitter or Spotify.. Understanding the rapid international diffusion of these companies' mobile integrated services,...