Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction: A Theory of Innovation, Flourishing, and Growth/ Edmund Phelps -- Overview of the Chapters/ Raicho Bojilov, Gylfi Zoega, and Hian Teck Hoon -- I. ESTIMATING INNOVATION-ACROSS TIME AND ACROSS NATIONS -- 1....

"In Dynamism Nobel Laureate Edmund Phelps, Raicho Bojilov, Hian Teck Hoon, and Gylfi Zoega argue that the high level of innovation in the West was not a result of scientific discoveries plus entrepreneurship. Rather, modern values-particularly the individualism and self-expression prevailing...

We describe how and why Magnetic Resource Imaging (MRI) came to complement – and partially replace -- computed tomography (CT) imaging of soft tissue. Specifically we chronicle: 1) the development of foundational techniques and prototypes (through the 1970s); 2) initial commercialization and...

We describe how the development of x-ray-based techniques and equipment (“mammography”) lead to widespread screening for breast cancer and enabled “minimally invasive” biopsies of breast tumors. Specifically, we chronicle how: 1) new protocols and equipment catalyzed the first widespread...

We describe how efforts on multiple fronts, including advocacy, training and technological development made ultrasound the second most commonly used diagnostic imaging technology (after X-rays). Specifically, we chronicle: 1) ultrasound's development and introduction in the 1950s and 1960s; 2)...