In this paper I differentiate between two types of benefits of open innovation. Network externalities effect happens when open innovation increases the participation of one group of users which increases the value of adoption for another group of users. Learning effect happens when economic...

In times of economic and ecological crises, green ICTs have the potential to stir greener economic growth and to help decouple this growth from ecological damages. It is therefore paramount to shed light on innovation dynamics in this emerging sector. To do so, this paper investigates the...