Over the past decade the 'cluster model' has been seized on as a tool for promoting competitiveness, innovation and growth on local, regional and national scales. However, despite its popularity there is much about it that is problematic, and in some respects the rush to employ 'cluster ideas'...

In this paper, we argue that, from a scientific, economic and geo-political point of view, it is necessary the further study and understanding of MPCs’ productive structures, scientific and technological activities, entrepreneurial dynamism, legislative framework, and innovation systems. The...