To examine the drivers of innovation, this paper studies the global R and D effort to fight the deadliest diseases and presents four results. We find: (1) global pharmaceutical R and D activity-measured by clinical trials-typically follows the 'law of diminishing effort': id est the elasticity...

The advancement of technology in the biopharmaceutical industry has spearheaded the speed and scale of digitalization in various aspects. New drug development is becoming more complex, costly, and challenging. This paper examines how the pharmaceutical value chain model could integrate with the...

To examine the drivers of innovation, this paper studies the global R&D effort to fight the deadliest diseases and presents four results. We find: (1) global pharmaceutical R&D activity - measured by clinical trials - typically follows the 'law of diminishing efforts': i.e. the elasticity of R&D...

The Covid-19 pandemic tragically emphasized severe failures of health systems. In particular, the saturation of hospital infrastructures and the lack of medical devices is crucial for respiratory ventilators. The medical and pharmaceutical sectors had to find urgently new ways to innovate...