This paper distinguishes between by-products of the activity and those associated with changes in the demand for another jointly-produced output. It attempts to define when one or more jointly-produced outputs would be by-products of the activity and others would be produced at the margin. The...

Different methods for measuring rent (natural-resource) content have been proposed in studies of the primary-input content of trade. In this paper, these methods are applied to obtain different industry-level estimates of the primary-input contents and the primary-input intensities of...