industry? Our paper studies the role of patents and trademarks and their complementary and substitutive relationships to … period. The results of a panel vector autoregressive model show a short-lived positive effect of patents on sales growth and … complementary relationship between patents and trademarks is documented. …

. Relying on cross-industry differences in the use of patents, we exploit firm-level variation in exposure to India's patent …

venture capital (VC) financing. We argue that investors are faced with considerable uncer-tainty and therefore rely on patents … British biotechnology companies we have identified all patents filed at the European Patent Office (EPO). Applying hazard rate … attention to patent quality, financing those ventures faster which later turn out to have high-quality patents. Patent …

-competitive effects of patent pools for complementary patents naturally extend for dynamic innovation incentives. However, this simple … conclusion may not hold if we entertain the possibility that patents are probabilistic and can be invalidated in court. In such a … case, the licensing fees reflect the strength of patents. Patent pools of complementary patents can be used to discourage …

litigious NPEs enforced many patents from product companies and public companies, the patents enforced by random companies were … more likely to come from larger and better funded companies. Additionally, the data implies that patents obtained by … considered, software patents are no longer a statistically significant predictor of invalidation.The layering of the system shows …