the extent and impact of patent holdup and holdout in the ICT sector, and then about how to eliminate or reduce these … made great efforts to solve the issue of patent holdup and holdout, there is still an ongoing struggle among divergent … stakeholders. Patent holdup and holdout directly impacts the innovation and dissemination of patented technology, the harmonization …

outbreak. Furthermore, it elaborates on patent-related policy options provided by the TRIPS Agreement, and WTO Members …COVID-19, caused by SARS-Cov-2, was declared to be a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020. Since … then, the issue of the relationship between patent protection and the development of and access to medical treatments and …

The paper critically analyses the various TRIPS provisions relevant to patent law. Topics covered include the … relationship between the TRIPs agreement and other intellectual property treaties, patentable subject matter, patentability … requirements, scope of protection, transfer and (voluntary and compulsory) licensing, exemptions, and patent term …

Patent thickets may inefficient retard cumulative innovation. This paper explores two alternative mechanisms that may … be used to weed out patent thickets. Both mechanisms are intended to reduce the number of patents in our society. The … more innovative mechanism is quantity based regulation through the establishment of a system of Tradable Patent Rights. The …

Intellectual Property (TRIPS agreement), as it pertains to the law of patentable subject-matter. Considered a potential harmonizing … instrument, the impact of the TRIPS agreement can largely be evaluated on its ability to set a minimum standard, or clear any … United States, Britain and Australia, to determine what, if any, guidance has come from the TRIPS agreement. In addition, the …

. Domestic innovation is measured as citation-weighted domestic patents filed at the European Patent Office (EPO): to account for … to patent at the EPO. Results show that, in the short-run, IPR stimulate innovation. The effect for developing countries …

other types of mechanisms in regulatory laws that provide patent-like protection or further strengthen existing patent … drug companies: data exclusivity and patent linkage. As noted in earlier chapters (separately posted on SSRN), not all … included in FTAs that impose TRIPS-Plus requirements. Because these protections may be additional hurdles to generic …

Since the Federal Circuit’s 2007 In re Bilski decision and the Supreme Court’s 2008 Bilski v. Kappos decision, patent … law’s subject-matter eligibility standard under 35 U.S.C. § 101 has been uncertain. This paper posits patent law's patent …. Somewhat analogous to copyright law, it also presents a Downward Patent-Eligibility Hand Abstractions Test from an alleged …

The United States has gone from a net – and frequently illegal – importer of intellectual property (IP) to the World … intellectual property coalitions that fought these battles have splintered with copyright and patent holders pursuing initiatives … cohesiveness of their coalition. Patent interests groups, which are splintered, have struggled to obtain comparatively modest …