I test for welfare-induced migration by comparing AFDC participation in border counties to interior counties in the same state. I assume that migration costs are lower for border county residents. If so, then at a state border with a large cross-border benefit differential, the border counties...

Residential segregation by race grew sharply during the early twentieth century as black migrants from the South arrived in northern cities. The existing literature emphasizes collective action by whites to restrict where blacks could live as the driving force behind this rapid rise in...