Border tax adjustments for environmental taxes should leave imports of final goods unchanged. If intermediate and final goods markets are imperfectly competitive though, non-neutrality can result. Under Cournot behavior, an import tax equal to the environmental tax is too high, and under...

In the analysis of commodity markets, comparatively little attention is paid to the fact that commodity exports are intermediates that form inputs into the food processing and retail sectors in developed countries. Exporting countries correspondingly argue that access to developed country...

This paper applies some recent developments in international trade theory to processed agricultural product markets. Theoretical results are derived showing that when such markets are characterized by imperfect competition, there may be a case for government intervention in the form of subsidies...

In this paper, analysis is presented relating to the impact of border tax adjustments for climate policy on the international competitiveness of energy-intensive industries, and the related problem of carbon leakage. While many of the economic and legal issues are not particularly new, climate...

Using a sample consisting of bilateral trade flows across 10 developed countries between 1974 and 1995, this paper explores the effect of exchange rate misalignment on the growth of agricultural trade as compared to other sectors. Controlling for other factors likely to determine the growth in...

This paper examines the regulation of trade in genetically modified organisms (GMOs) by the World Trade Organization (WTO). Despite rapid adoption of GMOs by a few exporters, many importers have developed relatively restrictive procedures for pre-market approval of GMOs, and are introducing...

The objective of this study was to determine the economic impact on the United States of removing tariff barriers on imports of concentrated orange juice and tomato paste from South America. The study highlighted an agglomeration model of industry location recognizing imperfect competition and...

To investigate whether intellectual property rights (IPRs) promote or hinder seed technology diffusion through trade, we use panel data for 134 countries over the period 1985-2010 to evaluate the impact of a country’s IPRs on its seed imports from the U.S. by estimating a gravity equation...