enhanced if the mandate policies are accompanied by liberalization in ethanol trade. …

hundred percent of ethanol. This paper investigates how motorists arbitrage between hydrous ethanol and gasoline using … demands for hydrous ethanol and gasoline. I estimate using nonlinear seemingly unrelated regressions the demands for hydrous … ethanol and gasoline in Brazil, and motorists preferences for hydrous ethanol. I nd that on average, accounting for the …

This paper examines the effects of households’ shocks on saving behaviour. It investigates the possibility that … households save ex ante to buffer against adverse weather and health shocks. The relatively high prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in …

To reduce national oil dependency, ethanol has been given a center stage of U.S. energy sources. The Renewable Fuel … Standard (RFS) program was launched to increase the volume of renewable gasoline from 9 billion gallons in 2008 to 36 billion … gallons by 2012, among which 15 billion are corn-based ethanol, while U.S. corn-based ethanol can hardly achieve this level …

one gallon of ethanol can replace more than a gallon of gasoline. We also show that being a small country biofuelsproducer … ethanol replaces approximately 0.2-0.3 gallons of gasoline in the U.S. …Leakage in the fuel market differs, depending on whether ethanol production is determined by a tax credit or …

flows of biodiesel from the USA and Argentina and of ethanol from Brazil into the EU will increase accentuating the net …