Like many countries, Spain has gone through a series of financial crises, both before and after its industrialization. There are many underlying causes for these crises, as well as for the current Spanish downturn. It is worth noting that there are similarities between recessions throughout the...

Spain has experienced many financial crises through its history. These financial crises have varied origins. However, they do have common threads. The current recession and subsequent debt crisis follow the same pattern. The fiscal and monetary policies of the Spanish government have played a...

Effects of different reformatory policies have always been a pulsating concern for the researchers and policy makers. Considering this concern, this paper attempts to check various effects of reformatory policies such as labor market reform, tariff cut, change in subsidy, bureaucratic reform in...

Empirical evidence suggests that the bargaining power of trade unions differs across firms and sectors. Standard models of unionization ignore this pattern by assuming a uniform bargaining strength. In this paper, we incorporate union heterogeneity into a Melitz (2003) type model. Union...

This paper explores the impact of the South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) agreement on food security by using a gravity model to examine the regional changes in trade in agricultural products. This is followed by a discussion of how this might affect the four dimensions of food security,...

Echoing Antràs & Rossi-Hansberg (2009), there is a much scope to study the dynamic impact of the international organisation of production on the evolution of knowledge, the distribution of skills, and other country-specific characteristics. This research scope indeed brings my attention to the...

This paper proposes a novel strategy for identifying the effects of import competition on economic outcomes that avoids standard concerns related to the endogeneity of trade policy and provides a consistent measure of exposure to trade over time. Conditioning on the level of import tariffs, our...

This paper aims to assess the macroeconomic implications of climate change on the overall Indian economy, considering various sectors and key macroeconomic indicators. It examines the impact of climate change on GDP growth, employment, inflation, fiscal policy, trade, and other relevant factors....

Real-world data (RWD) are an increasingly important input into the pharmaceutical R&D process as shown by countries like the USA or Finland. As the availability of and access to Swiss RWD is rather limited, the question arises whether this creates a burden for pharmaceutical R&D in Switzerland....

Empirical evidence suggests that high-productivity firms face stronger trade unions than low-productivity firms. Then a policy that puts all unions into a better bargaining position is no longer neutral for firm selection as in models with a uniform bargaining strength across firms. Using a...