innovation intensity to escape competition. The U-shaped relation is more pronounced in industries where firms compete in …We find a U-shaped relation between industry concentration and innovation. The relation is driven by neck …-and-neck industries where firms operate with similar productivity. When industry concentration is low, innovation intensity decreases as …

-- Part 2 R&D and Market Competition of Laser Diodes in the U.S. and Japan -- 5 Birth of the Laser Diode: It All Started in …: Patterns of Innovation in the U.S. and Japan -- 12 Patterns of Spin-Outs and Innovation -- 13 Conclusion -- Appendices … Purpose Technology, Pattern of Innovation, and Spin-out -- 3 Data -- 4 Technological Characteristics of Laser and Laser Diode …