-border competition, by introducing the idea of ecological niche, the authors aim to explore the competitive situation of platform … the intensity of competition through comparative analysis. Findings In an environment of cross-border competition, large … enterprises have significant competitive advantages, and the fierce competition is concentrated among medium-sized enterprises …

-sharing effect that may relax competition for users, resulting in lower quality of content. More surprisingly, user surplus may also … anti-competitive effect while preserving the diversity effect. When there is competition among third parties, interplatform …

-party sellers are substantially improved, and so is their competitiveness. We develop a strategic competition model to understand … intensify the service competition, it can mitigate the price competition, besides the direct revenue Amazon collects from the … downstream competition due to FBA. In fact, this wholesale price effect can help Amazon when FBA is detrimental given that the …