We use over 250 years of conflict and market integration data to provide the first quantitative evidence that Atlantic … trade contributed to Europe's pacification between 1640 and 1896. While the decline in conflict in Europe during this period … intra-European conflict onset by 14.90 percent from the baseline onset probability of 2.02 percent. We find empirical …

. Viewing institutional configurations as a system of multiple equilibria, the concepts of endogenous institutions and …

We analyze how trade openness matters for interstate conflict over productive resources. Our analysis features a terms …, greater trade openness brings with it a reduction in resources diverted to conflict and thus wasted, as well as the familiar … with a third (friendly) country, a move from autarky to trade intensifies conflict between the two adversaries, inducing …