with access to a livelihood, ease migratory pressures for countries at the EU external borders and satisfy labour market … demands in participating EU countries. Cedefop's pilot project showed ways to succeed if the political will to engage in …

the old 15 European Union (EU) members and 12 Central and East European (CEE) economies. Border effects are estimated with … standard trade potential models. Even after a decade of regional trade liberalization, the integration of CEE and EU economies … is two to three times weaker than intra-EU integration, revealing a large potential for East–West European trade …