The main aim of this paper is to identify and to analyze the presence of Non Tariff Barriers (NTBs) imposed to Brazilian exports of steel products by Mercosur's member countries. The NTBs were identified through interviews with Brazilian companies and through questionaries sent to Brazilian...

We consider the relative effects of globalisation and regionalism in the context of recent developments in the world economy. We extent and advance the analysis of Chortareas and Pelagidis (2004) using the recently updated Penn World Tables data. This allows considering the recent ‘golden era'...

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the at times problematic interplay of regional and bilateral treaties regulating international economic law. Though academics have long debated whether regional and bilateral instruments threaten the hegemony of the multilateral trading system, no...

The G-20 has been established more than 10 years ago as a reaction to the Asian financial crisis without - at first - gaining much weight on the international scene, however, the financial crisis of 2007/08 has caused a re-vitalization on a higher level, namely as body of the "G-20 Leaders". The...

Despite the essential role that international trade has historically played for resource-rich African economies, growth possibilities have been hindered by considerable trade barriers. Yet, in the large literature on commodity market integration, Africa is a blank spot and little is known about...

The real effective exchange rate (REER) is one of the most cited statistical constructs in open-economy macroeconomics. We show that the models used to compute these numbers are not rich enough to allow for the rising importance of global value chains. Moreover, because different sectors within...