In "Fairness in Practice - A Social Contract for a Global Economy" (2012) Aaron James proposes a substantial normative framework for a theory of fairness in the global economy. Based on a distinctive methodology of interpretive constructivism, James argues for an internal justification of...

Macroeconomic policies that aim to achieve clear and beneficial trade relationships are of utmost importance to a developing country due to complex global economic integration. This is particularly the case for Nigeria's bilateral trade relationships and is a determinant of the size and...

During 2013, the U.S. Treasury Department evoked the first use of the 2001 Patriot Act to exclude virtual currency provider Liberty Reserve from the U.S. financial system. This article will discuss: the regulation of virtual currencies; cybercrimes and payment systems; darknets, Tor and the...

This article is about protectionism. It is divided into four parts. Part 1 reviews the philosophy of protectionism, and analyzes the various arguments that have been given to support it over the years. These arguments have generally supported producers at the expense of the general public. Part...

As trade and production have increasingly crossed international boundaries, private bodies and governments alike have sought new ways to regulate labour standards and advance goals of fairness and social justice. Governments are harnessing social and market forces to advance corporate...

As trade and production have increasingly crossed international boundaries, private bodies and governments alike have sought new ways to regulate labour standards and advance goals of fairness and social justice. Governments are harnessing social and market forces to advance corporate...

The gap between the average income per capita levels of the poorest and the richest nations has increased during the recent eras of globalization. This paper reviews the evidence on the determinants of the disparities in per capita incomes, which has focused on the role of institutions in...