participation in international trade. This paper reviews the literature on the measurement and qualification of trade integration in … Africa. Starting with a complete review of available indicators and methodologies, it develops a methodological toolbox for … from network analysis and indicators of trade in value added. The study concludes that Africa is characterized by weak …

This paper studies the relationship between Asia’s economic engagements in Africa and individual African nations …’ participation in global value chains (GVC) over the past two decades. We find that while overall exports from Africa to Asia are …

Economic development in Africa is among the most important global challenges today. Meanwhile, the G7 is under pressure … improve economic development in Africa. But what about other tools, like trade? While the literature suggests positive effects … Africa and the G7 has decreased over the last two decades. The question if both sides have incentives to reinforce trade …